[MORPHOLOGY & SYNTAX]-SYNTAX

UNIT 4: SYNTAX

1. Definition

• Syntax is the branch of linguistics that studies the way to combine words into larger units- phrases, clauses, and sentences as well as the grammatical rules of language.
• A word or group of words are different parts of speech in a sentence.
  Ex: He ran fast.
  It is a fast car.
• A word or group of words can be analyzed in form and function.

2. Parts of speech

• Words in English language can be divided into

+ open/ content word class (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs)

+ closed/ function word class (pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary, determiners)

[MORPHOLOGY & SYNTAX]-WORDS & WORD FORMATION

Unit 2: WORDS

1. Definition

• Word is the smallest linguistic unit that can be used in communication (speaking & writing).
• A word is a free form which forms a sentence by itself.

2. Classification

3 types of words

+ simple word: only one free morpheme (monomorphemic word)
Ex: eat, sleep, ball

+ complex word: contains a bound morpheme and another bound or a bound morpheme and a free one.
Ex: telephone, televise

+ compound word: contains at least 2 free morphemes.
Ex: schoolyear, well-known

[MORPHOLOGY & SYNTAX]-MORPHEME

Unit 1: MORPHEMES

1. Definition of Morphology

• Morphology is a branch of linguistics that studies the form of words.
• The unit of Morphology is Morpheme.

2. Morpheme

• Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of a language.

Word & Morpheme	Similarity	Having sounds and meaning.
	Difference	Word can stand alone and form a sentence by itself. Morpheme cannot stand alone and must be linked to other morphemes.

• The symbol of a morpheme is { }.
• Characteristics of a morpheme

+ Morpheme can’t be divided into smaller parts.

+ Morpheme can be either a word or part of a word that has the meaning.

Ex: {teach}

teacher {teach} + {er}